Reproductive and sexual health are integral components of overall well-being, encompassing physical, mental, and social aspects related to the reproductive system and sexual functions throughout the lifespan. These issues can significantly impact individuals, couples, and communities, and are influenced by a complex interplay of biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors.

Environmental health is the branch of public health that focuses on the relationships between people and their environment. It examines how the physical, chemical, biological, and even social and psychological factors in the environment can directly and indirectly affect human health and well-being, according to EHINZ.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause of death globally. It encompasses conditions including coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and heart valve problems. Risk factors include unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol consumption. Many CVDs can be prevented or managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It’s not a single disease, but rather a collection of over 100 different diseases with varying characteristics. Cancer arises from changes in a cell’s DNA, leading to abnormal cell division and growth. These changes can be caused by various factors, including genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental agents.